1. The Emergence of Multi-Order World

The traditional Western-led international order is giving way to a more complex, multi-layered system characterized by:

• Fragmented Multipolarity: Rather than clear power blocs, we see overlapping spheres of influence and shifting alignments
• Regional Governance: Growing importance of regional frameworks and "minilateral" arrangements
• Competing Normative Frameworks: Challenge to Western universal values by alternative governance models

2. The Global South Awakening

A significant shift in global dynamics marked by:

• BRICS+ Expansion: Including Egypt, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iran, and Ethiopia, representing a more assertive Global South
• Reformed Multilateralism: Demands for restructuring international institutions like the UN Security Council
• Strategic Autonomy: Middle powers pursuing multi-alignment rather than choosing sides

3. Crisis of Traditional Institutions

Established global governance structures face multiple challenges:

• Institutional Paralysis: UN Security Council's inability to address major conflicts like Ukraine and Gaza
• Legitimacy Deficit: Growing perception of Western-dominated institutions as outdated and unrepresentative
• Alternative Frameworks: Rise of parallel institutions and governance models, particularly led by China

4. The Democracy-Autocracy Divide Reconsidered

A shift in how global divisions are understood:

• North-South Framework: Replacing the democracy-autocracy binary with a more nuanced understanding
• Developmental Priorities: Growing emphasis on economic development over political system alignment
• Pragmatic Partnerships: Countries increasingly prioritizing strategic interests over ideological alignment